Raspberry Pi Environmental Monitoring

Purpose

To monitor air temperature, humidity, and air quality.

Air Quality

Base Config for Sensor

A friend sent me a Nova PM Sensor. I do not know python yet, but looking over the script that is readily available I should be able to modify this to work for my needs.

mkdir -p /home/pi/build/air && cd /home/pi/build/air
sudo apt install git-core python-serial python-enum mariadb-server python-mysql.connector
wget -O aqi.py https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zefanja/aqi/master/python/aqi.py
echo [] > aqi.json
sed -i 's|/var/www/html/aqi.json|/home/pi/build/air/aqi.json|' aqi.py

At this point we can run the script, see output on the screen, and see the history written to the json file.

./aqi.py 
Y: 18, M: 1, D: 18, ID: 0xbc2d, CRC=OK
PM2.5:  0.0 , PM10:  0.0
PM2.5:  0.7 , PM10:  0.7
PM2.5:  0.6 , PM10:  0.6
PM2.5:  0.7 , PM10:  0.7

Configure for writing to database

However, I want the history written to a database. Configure mariadb anyway you want, if you have credentials keep them on hand.

create database air;
create user air;
grant all on air.* to 'air';
use air;
create table aqi (pm25 FLOAT, pm10 FLOAT, date DATETIME);
select * from aqi;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

insert into aqi values (2.1, 2.3, now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

select * from aqi;
+------+------+---------------------+
| pm25 | pm10 | date                |
+------+------+---------------------+
|  2.1 |  2.3 | 2019-12-20 13:32:18 |
+------+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Now we edit the script to work with mysql
Please note that of this writing I the script searches the entire database for 0 values and deletes them. I need to go back and update to simply not write 0 values in the first place.

Full Modified Script

#!/usr/bin/python -u
# coding=utf-8
# "DATASHEET": http://cl.ly/ekot
# https://gist.github.com/kadamski/92653913a53baf9dd1a8
from __future__ import print_function
import serial, struct, sys, time, json, subprocess,  mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="air",
  database="air"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

DEBUG = 0
CMD_MODE = 2
CMD_QUERY_DATA = 4
CMD_DEVICE_ID = 5
CMD_SLEEP = 6
CMD_FIRMWARE = 7
CMD_WORKING_PERIOD = 8
MODE_ACTIVE = 0
MODE_QUERY = 1
PERIOD_CONTINUOUS = 0

ser = serial.Serial()
ser.port = "/dev/ttyUSB0"
ser.baudrate = 9600

ser.open()
ser.flushInput()

byte, data = 0, ""

def dump(d, prefix=''):
    print(prefix + ' '.join(x.encode('hex') for x in d))

def construct_command(cmd, data=[]):
    assert len(data) <= 12
    data += [0,]*(12-len(data))
    checksum = (sum(data)+cmd-2)%256
    ret = "\xaa\xb4" + chr(cmd)
    ret += ''.join(chr(x) for x in data)
    ret += "\xff\xff" + chr(checksum) + "\xab"

    if DEBUG:
        dump(ret, '> ')
    return ret

def process_data(d):
    r = struct.unpack('<HHxxBB', d[2:])
    pm25 = r[0]/10.0
    pm10 = r[1]/10.0
    checksum = sum(ord(v) for v in d[2:8])%256
    return [pm25, pm10]
    #print("PM 2.5: {} μg/m^3  PM 10: {} μg/m^3 CRC={}".format(pm25, pm10, "OK" if (checksum==r[2] and r[3]==0xab) else "NOK"))

def process_version(d):
    r = struct.unpack('<BBBHBB', d[3:])
    checksum = sum(ord(v) for v in d[2:8])%256
    print("Y: {}, M: {}, D: {}, ID: {}, CRC={}".format(r[0], r[1], r[2], hex(r[3]), "OK" if (checksum==r[4] and r[5]==0xab) else "NOK"))

def read_response():
    byte = 0
    while byte != "\xaa":
        byte = ser.read(size=1)

    d = ser.read(size=9)

    if DEBUG:
        dump(d, '< ')
    return byte + d

def cmd_set_mode(mode=MODE_QUERY):
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_MODE, [0x1, mode]))
    read_response()

def cmd_query_data():
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_QUERY_DATA))
    d = read_response()
    values = []
    if d[1] == "\xc0":
        values = process_data(d)
    return values

def cmd_set_sleep(sleep):
    mode = 0 if sleep else 1
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_SLEEP, [0x1, mode]))
    read_response()

def cmd_set_working_period(period):
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_WORKING_PERIOD, [0x1, period]))
    read_response()

def cmd_firmware_ver():
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_FIRMWARE))
    d = read_response()
    process_version(d)

def cmd_set_id(id):
    id_h = (id>>8) % 256
    id_l = id % 256
    ser.write(construct_command(CMD_DEVICE_ID, [0]*10+[id_l, id_h]))
    read_response()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    cmd_set_sleep(0)
    cmd_firmware_ver()
    cmd_set_working_period(PERIOD_CONTINUOUS)
    cmd_set_mode(MODE_QUERY);
    while True:
        cmd_set_sleep(0)
        for t in range(15):
            values = cmd_query_data();
            if values is not None and len(values) == 2:
              print("PM2.5: ", values[0], ", PM10: ", values[1])
	      pm25=values[0]
	      pm10=values[1]
              mycursor.execute('INSERT INTO aqi (pm25, pm10, date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)' % (pm25,pm10,'now()'))
              mydb.commit()
              mycursor.execute("delete from aqi where pm10 = 0 and pm25 = 0")
              time.sleep(2)


        print("Going to sleep for 1 min...")
        cmd_set_sleep(1)
        time.sleep(60)
        mycursor.execute("delete from aqi where date < (now() - interval 1 year)")

Tempurature / Humidity

For this one I decided to use node-red to pull the values directly. It supports raspberry pi GPIO and the DHT-11 sensor I have on hand.

• Install the node-red-contrib-dht-sensor packages (I used the web gui)

sudo apt install wiringpi

• After adding the rpi-dht11 node to the flow, I gave it the following values
  • Sensor : DHT11
  • Pin numbering : WiringPi (rev.1)
  • Pin number : 7
• This breaks out to a function node that changes C to F

var tempc = msg.payload;
tempf = tempc * 9/5 + 32;
tempf = Math.round(tempf * 10) / 10;
msg.payload = tempf;
return msg;

• We also send the output of the rpi-dht11 to a set node to change the payload from msg.humidity.
• Then add two gauges to represent temperature and humidity.

Graph Display

The same pointed me to node-red for the display. What I really wanted was a nerdy ncurses display, but node-red should suffice until I learn ncurses.

Install Node-Red

When running the install script, make sure the pi settings are applied.

bash <(curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/node-red/linux-installers/master/deb/update-nodejs-and-nodered)
sudo systemctl enable --now nodered

Install the dashboard components

Configure PM 2.5 Flow

My flow consists of

1. An inject node with the timestamp injection using topic

   select pm25 from aqi order by date desc limit 1;

2. A mysql node with the database location and credentials.
3. A change node with set to

   msg.payload[0].pm25

4. A gauge node set for values between 0.5 and 2.
5. https://hackernoon.com/how-to-measure-particulate-matter-with-a-raspberry-pi-75faa470ec35
6. https://openschoolsolutions.org/measure-particulate-matter-with-a-raspberry-pi/
7. https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_mysql_insert.asp
8. https://flows.nodered.org/node/node-red-contrib-dht-sensor
9. https://nodered.org/docs/getting-started/raspberrypi
10. https://flows.nodered.org/node/node-red-dashboard